Life process class 10. Cbse. Class 10 life process notes part - 1 - class 10 biology ch 1. ncert class 10 ch 1 life process

                   Life process 

 For Cbse class 10 life process notes part- 1 

● The process in which living beings to maintain their life on the earth is called life process.

● Life process includes Nutrition, Respiration, transportation, excretion etc.

Nutrition: The process of taking food and utilising it is called nutrition. 

● There are two modes of nutrition. 

1. Autotrophic.

2. Heterotrophic.

1. Autotrophic: The process in which an organism make their own food with the help of simple organic substances. 

For eg : Green 

● Photosynthesis: it is the process by which green plant make their own food with the help of co2 and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight. 

● Site of Photosynthesis is chloroplast in the leaf.

● Chloroplast contain green colour pigment called chlorophyll. 

The process of photosynthesis can be represented as:

Main events of photosynthesis:

1. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll. 

2. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. 

3. Reduction of co2 to carbohydrate.

Stomata: stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves. Exchange of gases and transpiration take place through stomata. 

● The opening or closing of stomata is called guard cell.

● Heterotrophic: The process in which organism depend on other organism for t,,heir is called Heterotrophic nutrition. 

For eg: Man, animals etc.

●Heterotrophic nutrition is of three types: Holozoic(eg. Amoeba,animals) , Saprophytic (eg. Fungi) , parasitic (eg. Cuscuta,ticks,mites).

Nutrition in amoeba: Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger like extension of the cell surface , which fuses over the food particles forming a food vacoule. Inside the food vacoule Digested food diffuses out and undigested food thrown out.

Nutrition in human beings: Human beings takes food into the mouth , food ingested through mouth . The teeth cut down the food into small pieces , chew and grind it. The salivary gland in our mouth produce  saliva . Our tongue helps in mixing this saliva with food. The human saliva contain an enzyme called salivary amylase which digest the starch present in food into sugar. Thus, the digestion of starch begins in mouth itself.  The food goes into the food pipe after it goes to the stomach and the digestion of food get completed in small intestine. 

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Cbse class 10 electricity note and numerical part-2

                       Electric current 

●》 the electric current is a flow of electric charge in a conductor such as metal wire.

● the si unit of electric current is ampere. 

Which is denoted by letter A.

Electric currentt = Charge/time. Or I=Q/t.

●》 1 ampere :- when one coulomb of charge flows through any cross section of a conductor in 1  second the current flowing through it is said to be1 ampere.

1 ampere = 1Coulomb/1 second. Or 1 A= 1c/1 s.

● current is measured by an instrument called ammeter. 

Q. An electric bulb draws a current of 0.25A for 20 minutes. Calculate the amount of electric charge that flows through the circuit.

Solution:- I= 0.25A

Q=? , t = 20 min.

           = 20×60 seconds 

           = 1200 s 

I = Q/t

0.25= Q/1200

Q= 0.25×1200C

Q=300 C.

Hence, the amount of electric charge flow through the circuit is 300 C.

                       Ohm's  law

●》 this law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its end, provides the physical conditions like temperature density etc remains unchanged.

I is directly proportional to V or I =1/R×V or V=IR.

R is called resistance of the conductor.

●》 Resistance =

Potential differences/ conductor. 

Or R=V/I

1 ohm = 1 volt / 1 ampere.

●》 factors on which resistance of a conductor depends: The resistance R of a conductor depends on its length l, breadth b and the area of cross section A and the nature of its material. 

R= p L/A.

● the proportionality constant p is called resistivity of the conductor.

●》 Joules law of heating:- it states that the heat produced in a conductor is directly proportional to the (1).  square of current I through it, (2). its resistance R and(3). the time for which current is passed.

Mathematically,  it can be expressed as 

H=I^2Rt joule =I^2Rt/4.18 cal

H= vit joule= Vit/4.18 cal

P=W/t =VI =I^2 R = V^2/R

● Electric power efficiency = output power/ input power.

Resistance in series,  Rs = R1+R2+R3+......

Resistance in parallel, 1/Rp= 1/R1 +1/ R2+1/R3+.......

                        

Cbse. Class 10 electricity notes and numerical for 2021 2022 part- 1

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                         Electricity

•》 electricity is the flow of charges it is an important source of energy in the modern times that used in our homes industries and in transport.

☆• there are two types of charges.

1. Positive charge (+)

2. Negative charge (-)

• A proton posses a positive charge 1.6 × 10^-19 and an electron posses negative charge 1.6 ×10^-19 c.

• The si unit of charge is Coulomb.

Q• calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.

Solution:- No. Of electrons in one charge of coulomb = 1.6×10^-19 C.

If one charge then no. Of electrons = 1/1.6×10^-19 × 1

= 10^19/1.6

= 10/1.6× 10^18

= 6.25× 10^18.

Hence, the no. Of electron is 6.25×10^18 in 1c of charge.

Conductor:- those substance through which electricity can flow are called conductor.

For example :- silver ,copper, aluminium etc.

Insulator :- those substances through which electricity cannot flow are called insulator. For example:-  most plastic, paper dry  ,wood etc.

•》 electricity can be classified into two parts.

1. Static electricity.

2. Current electricity.

                       

           Potential    differences 

•》 work done Per unit charge are called potential difference.

• potential difference is denoted by v.

So, V = W/Q.

• w stand for work done.

• Q stand for charge.

● the SI unit of potential difference is Volt. Which is denoted by the letter V.

●》1 Volt :- 1 joule of work is done in moving one coulomb of electric charge from one point to the other is called 1 volt.

1Volt= 1 joule/1coulomb

●》 the potential difference is measured by means of  an instrument called voltmeter.

Q》 how much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6 volt battery?

Solution:- potential difference (v)= 6 V

                   

                 V=W/Q

                  6= w/1

                   

                So, w=6×1 joules 

                          

                        = 6 j

6 j energy is  given to each Coulomb of charge passing through 6V battery.